scapy.packet

Packet class

Provides:

• the default Packet classes

• binding mechanisms

• fuzz() method

• exploration methods: explore() / ls()

class scapy.packet.NoPayload(_pkt, /)

Bases: Packet

add_parent(parent: Any) → None

add_payload(payload: Packet | bytes) → NoReturn

add_underlayer(underlayer: Any) → None

aliastypes

answers(other: Packet) → bool

build() → bytes

build_done(p: bytes) → bytes

build_padding() → bytes

build_ps(internal: int = 0) → Tuple[bytes, List[Any]]

clear_cache() → None

command() → str

copy() → NoPayload

delfieldval(attr: str) → NoReturn

dissection_done(pkt: Packet) → None

do_build() → bytes

fragment(*args: Any, **kargs: Any) → List[Packet]

getfield_and_val(attr: str) → NoReturn

getfieldval(attr: str) → NoReturn

getlayer(cls: int | Type[Packet] | str, nb: int = 1, _track: List[int] | None = None, _subclass: bool | None = None, **flt: Any) → Packet | None

hashret() → bytes

haslayer(cls: Type[Packet] | str, _subclass: bool | None = None) → int

hide_defaults() → None

json() → str

lastlayer(layer: Packet | None = None) → Packet

layers() → List[Type[Packet]]

remove_parent(other: Packet) → None

remove_payload() → None

remove_underlayer(other: Packet) → None

route() → Tuple[None, None, None]

setfieldval(attr: str, val: Any) → NoReturn

show(dump: bool = False, indent: int = 3, lvl: str = '', label_lvl: str = '') → None

sprintf(fmt: str, relax: int = 1) → str

class scapy.packet.Packet(_pkt, /)

Bases: BasePacket, _CanvasDumpExtended

add_parent(parent: Packet) → None

Set packet parent. When packet is an element in PacketListField, parent field would point to the list owner packet.

add_payload(payload: Packet | bytes) → None

add_underlayer(underlayer: Packet) → None

aliastypes

answers(other: Packet) → int

DEV: true if self is an answer from other

build() → bytes

Create the current layer

Returns:

string of the packet with the payload

build_done(p: bytes) → bytes

build_padding() → bytes

build_ps(internal: int = 0) → Tuple[bytes, List[Tuple[Packet, List[Tuple[Any, Any, bytes]]]]]

canvas_dump(layer_shift: int = 0, rebuild: int = 1) → pyx.canvas.canvas

class_default_fields

class_default_fields_ref

class_dont_cache

class_fieldtype

class_packetfields

clear_cache() → None

Clear the raw packet cache for the field and all its subfields

clone_with(payload: Any | None = None, **kargs: Any) → Any

command() → str

Returns a string representing the command you have to type to obtain the same packet

comment: bytes | None

copy() → Self

Returns a deep copy of the instance.

copy_field_value(fieldname: str, value: Any) → Any

copy_fields_dict(fields: _T) → _T

decode_payload_as(cls: Type[Packet]) → None

Reassembles the payload and decode it using another packet class

default_fields: Dict[str, Any]

default_payload_class(payload: bytes) → Type[Packet]

DEV: Returns the default payload class if nothing has been found by the guess_payload_class() method.

Parameters:

payload (str) – the layer’s payload

Returns:

the default payload class define inside the configuration file

delfieldval(attr: str) → None

deprecated_fields: Dict[str, Tuple[str, str]] = {}

direction: int | None

display(*args: Any, **kargs: Any) → None

Deprecated. Use show() method.

dissect(s: bytes) → None

dissection_done(pkt: Packet) → None

DEV: will be called after a dissection is completed

do_build() → bytes

Create the default version of the layer

Returns:

a string of the packet with the payload

do_build_payload() → bytes

Create the default version of the payload layer

Returns:

a string of payload layer

do_build_ps() → Tuple[bytes, List[Tuple[Packet, List[Tuple[Field[Any, Any], str, bytes]]]]]

do_dissect(s: bytes) → bytes

do_dissect_payload(s: bytes) → None

Perform the dissection of the layer’s payload

Parameters:

s (str) – the raw layer

do_init_cached_fields(for_dissect_only: bool = False) → None

Initialize each fields of the fields_desc dict, or use the cached fields information

do_init_fields(flist: Sequence[Field[Any, Any] | _FieldContainer]) → None

Initialize each fields of the fields_desc dict

explicit

extract_padding(s: bytes) → Tuple[bytes, bytes | None]

DEV: to be overloaded to extract current layer’s padding.

Parameters:

s (str) – the current layer

Returns:

a couple of strings (actual layer, padding)

fields: Dict[str, Any]

fields_desc

fieldtype: Dict[str, Field[Any, Any] | _FieldContainer]

firstlayer() → Packet

fragment(*args: Any, **kargs: Any) → List[Packet]

classmethod from_hexcap() → Packet

get_field(fld: str) → Field[Any, Any] | _FieldContainer

DEV: returns the field instance from the name of the field

getfield_and_val(attr: str) → Tuple[Field[Any, Any] | _FieldContainer, Any]

getfieldval(attr: str) → Any

getlayer(cls: int | Type[Packet] | str, nb: int = 1, _track: List[int] | None = None, _subclass: bool | None = None, **flt: Any) → Packet | None

Return the nb^th layer that is an instance of cls, matching flt values.

guess_payload_class(payload: bytes) → Type[Packet]

DEV: Guesses the next payload class from layer bonds. Can be overloaded to use a different mechanism.

Parameters:

payload (str) – the layer’s payload

Returns:

the payload class

hashret() → bytes

DEV: returns a string that has the same value for a request and its answer.

haslayer(cls: Type[Packet] | str, _subclass: bool | None = None) → int

true if self has a layer that is an instance of cls. Superseded by “cls in self” syntax.

hide_defaults() → None

Removes fields’ values that are the same as default values.

init_fields(for_dissect_only: bool = False) → None

Initialize each fields of the fields_desc dict

iterpayloads() → Iterator[Packet]

Used to iter through the payloads of a Packet. Useful for DNS or 802.11 for instance.

json() → str

Returns a JSON representing the packet.

Please note that this cannot be used for bijective usage: data loss WILL occur, so it will not make sense to try to rebuild the packet from the output. This must only be used for a grepping/displaying purpose.

lastlayer(layer: Packet | None = None) → Packet

Returns the uppest layer of the packet

layers() → List[Type[Packet]]

returns a list of layer classes (including subclasses) in this packet

classmethod lower_bonds() → None

match_subclass = False

mysummary() → str

DEV: can be overloaded to return a string that summarizes the layer. Only one mysummary() is used in a whole packet summary: the one of the upper layer, # noqa: E501 except if a mysummary() also returns (as a couple) a list of layers whose # noqa: E501 mysummary() must be called if they are present.

name

original

overload_fields: Dict[Type[Packet], Dict[str, Any]]

overloaded_fields: Dict[str, Any]

packetfields: List[Field[Any, Any] | _FieldContainer]

parent

payload: Packet

payload_guess

post_build(pkt: bytes, pay: bytes) → bytes

DEV: called right after the current layer is build.

Parameters:

• pkt (str) – the current packet (build by self_build function)

• pay (str) – the packet payload (build by do_build_payload function)

Returns:

a string of the packet with the payload

post_dissect(s: bytes) → bytes

DEV: is called right after the current layer has been dissected

post_dissection(pkt: Packet) → None

DEV: is called after the dissection of the whole packet

post_transforms

pre_dissect(s: bytes) → bytes

DEV: is called right before the current layer is dissected

prepare_cached_fields(flist: Sequence[Field[Any, Any] | _FieldContainer]) → None

Prepare the cached fields of the fields_desc dict

process_information: Dict[str, Any] | None

raw_packet_cache: bytes | None

raw_packet_cache_fields: Dict[str, Any] | None

remove_parent(other: Packet) → None

Remove packet parent. When packet is an element in PacketListField, parent field would point to the list owner packet.

remove_payload() → None

remove_underlayer(other: Packet) → None

route() → Tuple[str | None, str | None, str | None]

self_build() → bytes

Create the default layer regarding fields_desc dict

sent_time: EDecimal | float | None

setfieldval(attr: str, val: Any) → None

show(dump: bool = False, indent: int = 3, lvl: str = '', label_lvl: str = '') → Any | None

Prints or returns (when “dump” is true) a hierarchical view of the packet.

Parameters:

• dump – determine if it prints or returns the string value

• indent (int) – the size of indentation for each layer

• lvl (str) – additional information about the layer lvl

• label_lvl (str) – additional information about the layer fields

Returns:

return a hierarchical view if dump, else print it

show2(dump: bool = False, indent: int = 3, lvl: str = '', label_lvl: str = '') → Any | None

Prints or returns (when “dump” is true) a hierarchical view of an assembled version of the packet, so that automatic fields are calculated (checksums, etc.)

Parameters:

• dump – determine if it prints or returns the string value

• indent (int) – the size of indentation for each layer

• lvl (str) – additional information about the layer lvl

• label_lvl (str) – additional information about the layer fields

Returns:

return a hierarchical view if dump, else print it

show_indent = 1

show_summary = True

sniffed_on: NetworkInterface | str | None

sprintf(format[, relax=1]) → str

Where format is a string that can include directives. A directive begins and ends by % and has the following format: %[fmt[r],][cls[:nb].]field%

Parameters:

fmt –

is a classic printf directive, “r” can be appended for raw substitution: (ex: IP.flags=0x18 instead of SA), nb is the number of the layer (ex: for IP/IP packets, IP:2.src is the src of the upper IP layer). Special case : “%.time%” is the creation time. Ex:

p.sprintf(
  "%.time% %-15s,IP.src% -> %-15s,IP.dst% %IP.chksum% "
  "%03xr,IP.proto% %r,TCP.flags%"
)

Moreover, the format string can include conditional statements. A conditional statement looks like : {layer:string} where layer is a layer name, and string is the string to insert in place of the condition if it is true, i.e. if layer is present. If layer is preceded by a “!”, the result is inverted. Conditions can be imbricated. A valid statement can be:

p.sprintf("This is a{TCP: TCP}{UDP: UDP}{ICMP:n ICMP} packet")
p.sprintf("{IP:%IP.dst% {ICMP:%ICMP.type%}{TCP:%TCP.dport%}}")

A side effect is that, to obtain “{” and “}” characters, you must use “%(” and “%)”.

stop_dissection_after

summary(intern: int = 0) → str

Prints a one line summary of a packet.

time: EDecimal | float

underlayer

classmethod upper_bonds() → None

wirelen: int | None

class scapy.packet.Padding(_pkt, /, *, load=b'')

Bases: Raw

aliastypes

build_padding() → bytes

fields_desc

Display RFC-like schema

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|              LOAD             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                           Fig. Padding                           

Padding fields

load

StrField

b''

self_build() → bytes

class scapy.packet.Raw(_pkt, /, *, load=b'')

Bases: Packet

aliastypes

answers(other: Packet) → int

fields_desc

Display RFC-like schema

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|              LOAD             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                             Fig. Raw                             

Raw fields

load

StrField

b''

mysummary() → str

scapy.packet.bind_bottom_up(lower: Type[Packet], upper: Type[Packet], __fval: Any | None = None, **fval: Any) → None

Bind 2 layers for dissection. The upper layer will be chosen for dissection on top of the lower layer, if ALL the passed arguments are validated. If multiple calls are made with the same layers, the last one will be used as default.

ex:

>>> bind_bottom_up(Ether, SNAP, type=0x1234)
>>> Ether(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xd0P\x99V\xdd\xf9\x124\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')  # noqa: E501
<Ether  dst=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff src=d0:50:99:56:dd:f9 type=0x1234 |<SNAP  OUI=0x0 code=0x0 |>>  # noqa: E501

scapy.packet.bind_layers(lower: Type[Packet], upper: Type[Packet], __fval: Dict[str, int] | None = None, **fval: Any) → None

Bind 2 layers on some specific fields’ values.

It makes the packet being built and dissected when the arguments are present.

This function calls both bind_bottom_up and bind_top_down, with all passed arguments.

Please have a look at their docs:

• help(bind_bottom_up)

• help(bind_top_down)

scapy.packet.bind_top_down(lower: Type[Packet], upper: Type[Packet], __fval: Any | None = None, **fval: Any) → None

Bind 2 layers for building. When the upper layer is added as a payload of the lower layer, all the arguments will be applied to them.

ex:

>>> bind_top_down(Ether, SNAP, type=0x1234)
>>> Ether()/SNAP()
<Ether  type=0x1234 |<SNAP  |>>

scapy.packet.explore(layer: str | None = None) → None

Function used to discover the Scapy layers and protocols. It helps to see which packets exists in contrib or layer files.

params:

• layer: If specified, the function will explore the layer. If not,

  the GUI mode will be activated, to browse the available layers

Examples

>>> explore()  # Launches the GUI
>>> explore("dns")  # Explore scapy.layers.dns
>>> explore("http2")  # Explore scapy.contrib.http2
>>> explore(scapy.layers.bluetooth4LE)

Note: to search a packet by name, use ls(“name”) rather than explore.

scapy.packet.fuzz(p: _P, _inplace: int = 0) → _P

Transform a layer into a fuzzy layer by replacing some default values by random objects.

Parameters:

p – the Packet instance to fuzz

Returns:

the fuzzed packet.

scapy.packet.ls(obj: str | Packet | Type[Packet] | None = None, case_sensitive: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) → None

List available layers, or infos on a given layer class or name.

Parameters:

• obj – Packet / packet name to use

• case_sensitive – if obj is a string, is it case sensitive?

• verbose

scapy.packet.rfc(cls: Type[Packet], ret: bool = False, legend: bool = True) → str | None

Generate an RFC-like representation of a packet def.

Parameters:

• cls – the Packet class

• ret – return the result instead of printing (def. False)

• legend – show text under the diagram (default True)

Ex:

>>> rfc(Ether)

scapy.packet.split_bottom_up(lower: Type[Packet], upper: Type[Packet], __fval: Any | None = None, **fval: Any) → None

This call un-links an association that was made using bind_bottom_up. Have a look at help(bind_bottom_up)

scapy.packet.split_layers(lower: Type[Packet], upper: Type[Packet], __fval: Any | None = None, **fval: Any) → None

Split 2 layers previously bound. This call un-links calls bind_top_down and bind_bottom_up. It is the opposite of # noqa: E501 bind_layers.

Please have a look at their docs:

• help(split_bottom_up)

• help(split_top_down)

scapy.packet.split_top_down(lower: Type[Packet], upper: Type[Packet], __fval: Any | None = None, **fval: Any) → None

This call un-links an association that was made using bind_top_down. Have a look at help(bind_top_down)